To optimize combustion in your heater, there is an onboard air flow sensor that measures the volume of air moving through the combustion chamber. This sensor tells the onboard electronics whether the air volume is within acceptable parameters for optimal combustion. The combustion air flow through the heater is metered by the aperture of the end caps on the combustion pipes. The holes in the end caps are sized in such a way that they provide the perfect amount of air for combustion.